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http://nobhist.narod.ru/lithuania.html
Comments and questions can be mailed to the author vroz@juno.com
Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers
http://nobhist.narod.ru/index.html
Last updated: Oct 22, 2008
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Lithuania (Lietuva)
Overview.
In the 13th century the Lithuanian tribes united under Mindovg / Mindaugas (+1263).
In the 14th century, Gedimin / Gediminas (+1341) formed a strong Lithuanian state and extended its frontiers annexing Black Russia.
Olgerd, Gedimin's son, continued his father's expansionist policies and, by conquering vast Russian territories, stretched his domain from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.
In 1386, under pressure from the hostile Teutonic Knights, Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke of Lithuania, concluded a pact with Poland (the Union of Krewo), agreeing to accept the Roman Catholic faith, marry the Polish queen, become King of Poland, and unite Poland and Lithuania under a single ruler. Jogaila took the Polish name Vladislas II. Polish influence subsequently began to replace Russian influence in Lithuania.
Despite the provisions of the Union of Krewo, the Lithuanian state retained its autonomy in the form of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
During the reign of Vitovt (+1430) Lithuania became the most powerful state in the Eastern Europe.
Since 1447, when Casimir, Grand Duke of Lithuania, was chosen as King of Poland, the Poles elected the Lithuanian Grand Dukes as their Kings to preserve the union of the countries.
In 1569, during the reign of Sigismund Augustus (+1572), the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from the House of Gedimin, the Poles and Lithuanians concluded pact (the Union of Lublin) that united the two countries into a single, federated state, which was to be ruled by a single, jointly selected sovereign. Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation, each retaining its own army, treasury, civil administration, and laws; the two nations agreed to cooperate with each other on foreign policy and to participate in a joint Diet. Nevertheless, Poland had greater representation in the Diet and became the dominant partner.
In 1795 Austria, Russia and Prussia partitioned the Polish-Lithuanian state. The Russian Empire annexed the biggest part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Russian Emperors accepted the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1918, Germany, which occupied the Lithuania lands during the World War I, created the Kingdom of Lithuania. In November 1918, after the defeat of Germany, the independent Republic of Lithuania replaced the Kingdom.
Notes:
1. In the Middle Ages the Russian language (or its Western dialects, which would develop in the modern Belorussian and Ukrainian) was an official language of the Lithuanian state. Since the Union of Krewo with Poland (1386), Latin and then Polish became other official languages.
2. The Russian term “Великий Князь” is translated as "Grand Prince", in Latin it was "Magnus Dux" and is translated as "Grand Duke".
3. The Polish term "Książę" can be translated either as "Prince" or "Duke". In the Lithuanian documents of the 15-16th centuries issued in Russian this term was translated as "Княжа".
Bibliography.
1. Собранiе Государственныхъ Грамотъ и Договоровъ, хранящихся въ Государственной Коллегіи Иностранныхъ Дълъ (Москва : тип. Н.С. Всеволожскаго, 1813).
2. Акты относящиеся к исторiи Западной Россiи, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : 1846-1853).
3. Акты историческiе, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : тип. II-го отд. Собственной Е.И.В. Канцелярій, 1841-).
4. Voigt, Johannes. Codex Diplomaticus Prussicus. Urkundensammlung zur älteren Geschichte Preußens (Osnabrück : 1965; Reprinted (Neudruck) from 1853).
5. Любавский М.К. Очерк истории литовско-русского государства до Люблинской унии включительно (Москва : 1915; изд..2-ое).
6. Raczynski, Edward. Codex diplomaticus Lithuaniae (Vratislaviae : Sumptibus Sigismundi Schletter, 1845).
7. Tyla, Antanas; Zygelis, Dainius. Lietuvos magdeburginiu miestu privilegijos ir aktai (Vilnius : Mokslas, 1991-).
8. Коцебу, Августъ. Свитригайло, великий князь Литовский (С.-Петербург : тип. Медицинскаго Департамента Министерства Внутреннихъ Делъ, 1835).
9. Сапунов, А. Витебская старина (Витебск : 1883).
10. Lietuvos Metrika (Vilnius : Lietuvos istorijos institutas).
11. Metraščiai ir kunigaikščių laiškai. (Vilnius : 1996).
12. Антонович, Владимир.; Козловский, Константин. Грамоты великих князей литовских с 1390 по 1569 год (Киев : 1868).
13. Сборник палеографических снимков древних грамот и актов, хранящихся в Виленскомъ Центральном Архиве и Виленской Публичной Библиотеке (Вильна : 1884).
14. Міндаў кароль Літовіі. У дакументах і сведчаннях (Менск : Тэхналогія, 2005) [Нацыянальная Акадэмія Навук Беларусі. Інстытут гісторыі].
15. Акты, относящиеся к истории Южной и Западной России (С.-Петербург : 1863-1892).
16. Skurvydaitė, Loreta. Lietuvos valdovo Vytauto titulatūra: kada Vytautas ima tituluotis Didžiuoju kunigaikščiu? (Doktorantė Vilniaus universiteto Istorijos teorijos ir kultūros istorijos katedra) [ Lietuvos istorijos studijos, Nr.8, 2000].
17. Ochmanski, Jerzy. Vitoldiana : Codex privilegiorum Vitoldi magni ducis Lithuaniae 1386-1430 (Warszawa : PWN, 1986).
18. Говорский, Ксенофонт. Вестник Юго-западной и Западной России (Киев : 1862-1864) / Вестник Западной России (Вильна : тип. Ромма, 1864- ).
19. Пещак, М.М. Грамоти XIV ст. (Київ : Наукова думка, 1974).
20. Описание рукописного отдела Виленской публичной библиотеки (Вильна : 1895-).
Geographical names.
Galicia -> Галичина; Галиция (in W Ukraine and in SE Poland);
Głogów -> Glogau (in Silesia, Poland);
Kiev / Kyiv -> Київ; Киев (the capital of Ukraine);
Lithuania -> Lietuva; Litwa; Литва;
Livonia -> Inflanty; Livland; Ливония (in Vidzeme, Latvia);
Lusatia -> Lausitz; Лужитцы (in Saxony, Germany);
Mazovia -> Mazowsze (in Poland);
Opava -> Troppau (in Czech Republic);
Podolia -> Подолье (in Ukraine);
Polotsk-> Полацк; Полоцк (in Belarus);
Poland -> Polonia; Polska; Lenkija; Польша;
Samogitia -> Žemaitija; Zmudz; Жмудь (in Lithuania);
Silesia -> Śląsk; Slezsko; Schlesien (in Poland and Czech Republic);
Smolensk -> Смоленск (in W Russia);
First names.
Alexander -> Aleksandras; Александр;
Casimir -> Kazimieras; Казимир; Kazimierz;
George -> Jurgis; Георгий / Юрий; Jerzy;
Gedimin -> Gediminas; Гедымін; Гедимин;
Jogaila -> Ягайло; Jagiełło;
John -> Jonas; Иоанн / Иван; Jan;
Kestut -> Kęstutis, Кейстут;
Mindovg -> Mindaugas; Миндовг;
Olgierd -> Algirdas; Альгерд; Ольгерд;
Sigismund -> Žygimantas; Сигизмунд / Жигимонт; Zygmunt;
Vladislas -> Vladislavas; Уладзіслаў; Владислав; Władysław;
Vitovt -> Vytautas; Вітаўт; Витовт; Witołd;
--- 1316-1386
@ Samples:
(1253) [14: Doc.# 1]
< Mindovg (+1263), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania >
Myndowe, Dei gracia rex Letthowie
(1255) [6: p.11; Doc.# VII]
Myndowe dei gracia Primus Rex Lettowie
(Aug 1261) [14: Doc.# 10a]
Mindowe, Dei gratia rex Littowie
(May 1323) [11: p.102-108] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Hanseatic cities declares his intention to accept baptism >
< Gedimin (+1341), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania 1316 >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex, princeps et dux Semigallie
(May 1323) [11: p.100-102] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Dominicans of Saxonia declares his intention to accept baptism >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex, princeps et dux Semigallie
(1379) [6: p.54; Doc.# I]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Kestut (+1382), Prince of Trokaj >
Wir Jagel obirster Herczoge der Littouwin unde
Kenstutte Herczoge zcu Tracken
(1380) [6: p.55; Doc.# II]
Wir Jagel obirster kung der Littouwen
(1382) [6: p.56; Doc.# III]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Skirgaila (+1397), Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Wir Jagal von gotis gnaden grosir konig czu lyttauwen und
wir Skirgal Hertzog zcu Tracken, gebrudere
(1383) [6: p.69; Doc.# IX]
Nos Jagalo divina deliberacione magnus Rex vel dux litwanorum Russieque dominus et heres
--- 1386-1430
(1387) [19: p.74; Doc.# 40]
< Jagailo / Jagiello (+1434), the Supreme Ruler of Lithuania & Russia; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386 >
Владислав божье милости король польскии литовскии руски. иных земль господарь
(July 1388) [19: p.85; Doc.# 45]
< Vitovt / Vytautas-Alexander (+1430), Prince of Volhynia;Grand Prince of Lithuania >
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскій, и дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейскій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Влодимерскій и иншихъ
(1396) [4: vol.5; p.114; Doc. # XC]
Nos Allexander alias Wytawdus Supremus dux Littovie
--- 1430-1446
-- the 1st form (Russian)
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia;
@ Samples:
(Sep 1432) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 2]
< Sigismund (+1440), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1432 >
мы Жикгимонтъ, Божіею милостью великий князь Литовскии, Жомойтскии, Рускии и иныхъ
(June 1442) [2: том 1; p.54; Doc.# 40-II]
Милостью Божіею, мы великiй князь Казимиръ, королевичъ, Литовскій, Жомойтскій, Рускій и иныхъ
--- 1446-1454 (Casimir [IV as King of Poland])
-- the 1st form (Russian)
King of Poland; Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1446] Poland
Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania, succeeded in Poland (1446).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1449) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 2]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (Casimir IV) 1446 >
Милостью Божю, мы, Казимир, корол польскии и великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иныхъ
(July 1450) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 1]
Казимир, Божью милостью, корол польскии и великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иных
--- 1454-1492 (Casimir [IV as King of Poland])
-- the 1st form (Russian)
King of Poland; Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia; Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1454] Prussia
King Casimir IV accepted the offer of the Prussian cities and local nobility, which rebelled against the Teutonic Order, to incorporate Prussia into the Kingdom of Poland (1454).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1457) [12: Doc.# 7]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (IV) 1446 >
Самъ Казимеръ, Божю милостю Король полский, великій князь Литовский, Руский, княжа Пруское, Жомоитский и иныхъ
(July 1483) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.69; Doc.# 5]
Казимир, Божью милостью корол польскии и великии князь литовскии, рускии, княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form (Latin)
King of Poland; Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia; Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
--- 1492-1501 (Alexander)
@ Removed:
- [1492] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Casimir IV his younger son Alexander became Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his older son John-Albert became King of Poland and overlord of Lithuania (1492).
-- the 1st form (Russian)
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia; Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Aug 1492) [2: том 1 p.120; Doc.# 103]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Мы Александръ, зъ Божее ласки велики князь Литовски, Руски, Жомойтски, панъ и дѣдичъ
(Apr 1496) [12: Doc.# 10]
Самъ Александръ, Божою милостью великій князь Литовскій, Русскій, Жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Oct 1498) [12: Doc.# 11]
Самъ Александеръ, Божою милостью, великий князь Литовскій, Русскій, Жмудскій и инныхъ
(May 1499) [2: том 1 p.196; Doc.# 172]
мы Александръ, Божьею милостью велики князь Литовскiй, Рускiй, Жомойтскiй, и иныхъ панъ и дѣдичъ
-- the 2nd form (Latin)
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia; Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1493) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Samotiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Aug 1495) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.552; Doc.# 715]
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Samotiaeque dominus et heres etc.
--- 1501-1506 (Alexander)
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland; Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia; Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1501) [12: Doc.# 11]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Александрь, Божою милостію король Полский, великий князь Литовский, Руский, княжа Пруское, Жомоитстий и иныхъ
(Mar 1503) [1: том 5; p.24; Doc.# 39]
Мы Александръ, Божьею милостью, Король Польскiй и великiй Князь Литовскiй и Русскiй, и Княжа Пруское, и Жомоитский, и иныхъ
(Feb 1504) [12: Doc.# 12]
Александръ, Божою милостію Король полскій, великій князь Литовскій, рускій, княжа пруское, жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Apr 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.145; Doc.# 324]
Александръ, Божью милостью, король полский, великий князь литовский, руский, княжа пруский, жомоитский, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form (Latin)
King of Poland; Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia; Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(July 1502) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
(July 1503) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
--- 1506-1506 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) of Samogitia;
@ Removed:
- [1506] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Alexander (+Aug 1506), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his brother Sigismund (+1548) succeeded him immediately in Lithuania. In several months Sigismund was elected King of Poland.
@ Samples:
(5 Jan 1507) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.185; Doc.# 187]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы Жикгимонт Божю милостю великии княз литовскии, рускии,
жомоитъскии, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Nov 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.176; Doc.# 180]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(4 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
--- 1506-1526 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1507] Poland, Prussia
Grand Duke Sigismund "the Old" (+1548) elected King of Poland (Dec 1507).
@ Samples:
(24 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.171; Doc.# 170]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
мы, Жикгимонт, Божю милостю выбраныи корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
(Aug 1514) [10: knyga 9 (2002); p.150; Doc.# 165]
мы Жикгимонт Божю милостью корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ пан и дедичъ
(June 1520) [10: knyga 10 (1997); p.81; Doc.# 73]
Жикгимонт, Божю милостью корол полскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитскии, и иных
(Feb 1526) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 14]
Жикгимонтъ, Божью милостью король Польскии,
великий князь Литовскии, Рускии,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитскии и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(28 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.180; Doc.# 182]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia electus rex Regni Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(1519) [10: knyga 11 (1997); p.92; Doc.# 75]
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(Mar 1523) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.550; Doc.# 714]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(May 1525) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.590; Doc.# 750]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et heres etc.
-- the 3rd form
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) Prussia, Greater Glogow, Opava , Silesia, Lusatia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- Greater Głogów, Opava , Silesia, Lusatia
Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; succeeded his brother Alexander in Poland and Lithuania (1506).
@ Samples:
(1509) [1: том 5; p.48; Doc.# 59]
< Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонтъ Божью милостью Король Полскiй,
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Рускiй,
Княжа Пруское, велико Глокговскiй, Слязъскiй, Опавскiй, Лужицкiй, Жомойтскiй, и iныхъ
(Nov 1510) [2: том 2; p.79; Doc.# 62]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского и
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
(Oct 1511) [2: том 2; p.95-97; Doc.# 74]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского,
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
--- 1526-1561
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Added:
- [1526] Mazovia
The Duchy of Mazovia passed to the Crown of Poland after the extinction of the Mazovian branch of the House of Piast (1526).
@ Samples:
(Apr 1527) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.487; Doc.# 638]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонт, Божью милостью король польский,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии и иных
(July 1536) [2: том 2; p.253; Doc.# 175]
Мы, Жикгимонтъ, Божьею милостью король Польскiй и
великiй князь Литовскiй, Рускiй, Прускiй, Жомойтскiй, Мазовецкiй и иныхъ
(Dec 1545) [12: Doc.# 7]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божю милостю королъ полскій,
великий князь Литовский, Руский, Пруский, Жемоитский, Мазовецкий и иныхъ
(Feb 1561) [2: том 3; p.110; Doc # 28]
Жыгимонт Август, Божею милостью король Польский,
великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жомоитский, Мазовецкий, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia,
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Samples:
(1527) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.208; Doc.# 247]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiae, Mazouiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Dec 1528) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.620; Doc.# 772]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
totiusque Prussiae, Masoviae et Samogitiae etc. dominus et heres
(July 1530) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.410; Doc.# 516]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogithiae, Mazouiae, etc. dominus et haeres
--- 1561-1569
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia, Livonia;
@ Added:
- [1561] Livonia
During the Livonian Wars (1558-1582) the Livonian Knightly Order was dissolved, and its possessions partially passed to Sigismund, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1561).
@ Samples:
(Oct 1562) [2: том 3; p.114; Doc # 29]
< Sigismund-Augustus (+1572), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1544, King of Poland 1548 >
Жигимонд Август, Божьей милостью Король Польский,
Великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жемойтский, Мазовецкий, Лифляндский, и иных
(June 1563) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.335; Doc.# 240]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянътъскии и иныхъ
(Sep 1567) [10: knyga 531 (2001); p.35; Doc.# 1]
Жыкгимонт Август, Божю милостью корол полскии,
великии князь литовскии, рускии, прусскии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянтскии и иныхъ
(May 1568) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.332-334; Doc.# 239]
Жикгимонтъ Август, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, ифлянтъскии и иныхъ
--- 1569-1795 see Poland
>>> --- 1655-1661 ( Alexis Romanov )
Notes:
1. In 1655, the Muscovite army occupied a big part of Lithuania, including its capital city, Vilnius, and Alexis Romanov, Czar of Russia, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania.
2. In 1661, after the Polish army's counter-offensive, the Muscovites lost most of their conquests in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Czar & Grand Prince, Autocrat of all Greater, Lesser & White Russia, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod;
Czar of Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberia;
Lord of Pskov;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Smolensk, Tver, Wolyn, Podolia, Ugra, Perm, Viatka, Bulgaria;
Lord & Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands, of Chernigov, Riazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozero, Udor, Obdoria, Conda, Vitebsk, Mstislav;
Dominator of all the Northern Countries;
Lord of the Land of Iveria, of the Georgian & Kartlian Czars, of the Land of Kabarda, of the Princes of the Cherkasses & the Mountaineers,
@ Samples:
(May 1658) [3: том IV; ]
< Alexis Romanov (+1676), Czar of Russia 1645; Grand Duke of Lithuania >
Божiею Милостiю, мы Великiй Государь Царь и Великiй Князь Алексiй Михайлович, всея Великiя и Малыя и Бeлыя Росии Самодержецъ,
Московскiй, Кiевскiй, Владимiрскiй, Новгородскiй,
Царь Казанскiй, Царь Астраханскiй, Царь Сибирскiй,
Государь Псковскiй и
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Смоленскiй, Тверскiй, Волынскiй, Подольскiй, Югорскiй, Пермскiй, Вятскiй, Болгарскiй и иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Князь Новагорода Низовскiя земли, Черниговскiй, Резанскiй, Полоцкiй, Ростовскiй, Ярославскiй, Бѣлоозерскiй, Удорскiй, Обдорскiй, Кондiйскiй, Витебскiй, Мстиславскiй и
Всея Сѣверныя страны Повелитель и
Государь Иверскiя земли, Карталинскихъ и Грузинскихъ Царей, и
Кабардинскiя земли, Черкасскихъ и Горскихъ Князей и
иныхъ наслѣдный Государь и Обладатель
Appendix 1. The Princes of the House of Gedimin.
@ Samples:
(Mar 1375) [2: том 1; # 4; p.21]
< Alexander (+1380), Prince of Podolia >
Мы князь Литовскiй, князь Александръ Корiатовичь, Божьею милостiю князь и господарь Подольской земли
(1385) [4: vol.4; # XXXIII; p.39-40]
< Vigund-Andrew (+1399), Prince of Pskov >
Nos Andreas Rex in Ploskow
(July 1388) [2: том 1; p.23; Doc.# 9]
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ, зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскiй, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейкій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Володимерскій и иншихъ
(1388) [4: vol.4; # LI; p.68] [6: p.48]
< Skirgaila (+1397),Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Nos Schirgalo dei gracia dux lithuanie et
dominus Tracensis et Polocensis etc.
(1402) [4: vol.5; # CXXIV; p.166]
< Swidrigaila-Boleslas (+1452), Prince of Podolia; Grand Duke of Lithuania [1430-1432] >
Nos Boleslaus alias Switergail princeps et heres Littwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(Feb 1408) [12: Doc.# 3]
Милостю Божою мы великий князь Швидригайлъ Литовскій, Русскій и иныхъ
(Mar 1442) [8: Прибавления. p.1-44; Doc.# CXIX]
< Betrag zwischen Boleslaus, anders Sividrigail, Fürsten von Littauen, und dem Hohemeister Konrad von Jungingen >
Nos Boleslaus alias Swyttirgail dei gratia Princeps et heres Litwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(July 1443) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.150; Doc.# 329]
< John (+between 1483 and 1489), Prince of Mstislavl [14..-1483]; a grandson of Lingweni-Simon, Prince of Novgorod and Mstislavl; a son of George, Prince of Mstislavl; >
Милостью Божею мы, князь Иван Юревич Лынквеневича, зъ
нашей кнегинею Уляною и з нашеми детми
(June 1459) [12: Doc.# 9]
< Simon (+1470), Prince of Kiev 1454 >
Мы, князь Семенъ Александровичъ великого князства своего Киевскаго
Comments and questions can be mailed to the author
Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers
Last updated: Oct 22, 2008
***************************************************************
Lithuania ( Lietuva )
Overview.
In the 13th century the Lithuanian tribes united under Mindovg / Mindaugas (+1263).
In the 14th century, Gedimin / Gediminas (+1341) formed a strong Lithuanian state and extended its frontiers annexing Black Russia..
Olgerd, Gedimin's son, continued his father's expansionist policies and, by conquering vast Russian territories, stretched his domain from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.
In 1386, under pressure from the hostile Teutonic Knights, Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke of Lithuania, concluded a pact with Poland (the Union of Krewo), agreeing to accept the Roman Catholic faith, marry the Polish queen, become King of Poland, and unite Poland and Lithuania under a single ruler. Jogaila took the Polish name Vladislas II. Polish influence subsequently began to replace Russian influence in Lithuania.
Despite the provisions of the Union of Krewo, the Lithuanian state retained its autonomy in the form of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
During the reign of Vitovt (+1430) Lithuania became the most powerful state in the Eastern Europe.
Since 1447, when Casimir, Grand Duke of Lithuania, was chosen as King of Poland, the Poles elected the Lithuanian Grand Dukes as their Kings to preserve the union of the countries.
In 1569, during the reign of Sigismund Augustus (+1572), the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from the House of Gedimin, the Poles and Lithuanians concluded pact (the Union of Lublin) that united the two countries into a single, federated state, which was to be ruled by a single, jointly selected sovereign. Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation, each retaining its own army, treasury, civil administration, and laws; the two nations agreed to cooperate with each other on foreign policy and to participate in a joint Diet. Nevertheless, Poland had greater representation in the Diet and became the dominant partner.
In 1795 Austria, Russia and Prussia partitioned the Polish-Lithuanian state. The Russian Empire annexed the biggest part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Russian Emperors accepted the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1918, Germany, which occupied the Lithuania lands during the World War I, created the Kingdom of Lithuania. In November 1918, after the defeat of Germany, the independent Republic of Lithuania replaced the Kingdom.
Notes:
1. In the Middle Ages the Russian language (or its Western dialects, which would develop in the modern Belorussian and Ukrainian) was an official language of the Lithuanian state. Since the Union of Krewo with Poland (1386), Latin and then Polish became other official languages.
2. The Russian term “Великий Князь” is translated as "Grand Prince", in Latin it was "Magnus Dux" and is translated as "Grand Duke".
3. The Polish term "Książę" can be translated either as "Prince" or "Duke". In the Lithuanian documents of the 15-16th centuries issued in Russian this term was translated as "Княжа".
Bibliography.
1. Собранiе Государственныхъ Грамотъ и Договоровъ, хранящихся въ Государственной Коллегіи Иностранныхъ Дълъ (Москва : тип. Н.С. Всеволожскаго, 1813).
2. Акты относящиеся к исторiи Западной Россiи, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : 1846-1853).
3. Акты историческiе, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : тип. II-го отд. Собственной Е.И.В. Канцелярій, 1841-).
4. Voigt, Johannes. Codex Diplomaticus Prussicus. Urkundensammlung zur älteren Geschichte Preußens (Osnabrück : 1965; Reprinted (Neudruck) from 1853).
5. Любавский М.К. Очерк истории литовско-русского государства до Люблинской унии включительно (Москва : 1915; изд..2-ое).
6. Raczynski, Edward. Codex diplomaticus Lithuaniae (Vratislaviae : Sumptibus Sigismundi Schletter, 1845).
7. Tyla, Antanas; Zygelis, Dainius. Lietuvos magdeburginiu miestu privilegijos ir aktai (Vilnius : Mokslas, 1991-).
8. Коцебу, Августъ. Свитригайло, великий князь Литовский (С.-Петербург : тип. Медицинскаго Департамента Министерства Внутреннихъ Делъ, 1835).
9. Сапунов, А. Витебская старина (Витебск : 1883).
10. Lietuvos Metrika (Vilnius : Lietuvos istorijos institutas).
11. Metraščiai ir kunigaikščių laiškai. (Vilnius : 1996).
12. Антонович, Владимир.; Козловский, Константин. Грамоты великих князей литовских с 1390 по 1569 год (Киев : 1868).
13. Сборник палеографических снимков древних грамот и актов, хранящихся в Виленскомъ Центральном Архиве и Виленской Публичной Библиотеке (Вильна : 1884).
14. Міндаў кароль Літовіі. У дакументах і сведчаннях (Менск : Тэхналогія, 2005) [Нацыянальная Акадэмія Навук Беларусі. Інстытут гісторыі].
15. Акты, относящиеся к истории Южной и Западной России (С.-Петербург : 1863-1892).
16. Skurvydaitė, Loreta. Lietuvos valdovo Vytauto titulatūra: kada Vytautas ima tituluotis Didžiuoju kunigaikščiu? (Doktorantė Vilniaus universiteto Istorijos teorijos ir kultūros istorijos katedra) [ Lietuvos istorijos studijos, Nr.8, 2000].
17. Ochmanski, Jerzy. Vitoldiana : Codex privilegiorum Vitoldi magni ducis Lithuaniae 1386-1430 (Warszawa : PWN, 1986).
18. Говорский, Ксенофонт. Вестник Юго-западной и Западной России (Киев : 1862-1864) / Вестник Западной России (Вильна : тип. Ромма, 1864- ).
19. Пещак, М.М. Грамоти XIV ст. (Київ : Наукова думка, 1974).
20. Описание рукописного отдела Виленской публичной библиотеки (Вильна : 1895-).
Geographical names.
Galicia -> Галичина; Галиция (in W Ukraine and in SE Poland);
Głogów -> Glogau (in Silesia, Poland);
Kiev / Kyiv -> Київ; Киев (the capital of Ukraine);
Lithuania -> Lietuva; Litwa; Литва;
Livonia -> Inflanty; Livland; Ливония (in Vidzeme, Latvia);
Lusatia -> Lausitz; Лужитцы (in Saxony, Germany);
Mazovia -> Mazowsze (in Poland);
Opava -> Troppau (in Czech Republic);
Podolia -> Подолье (in Ukraine);
Polotsk-> Полацк; Полоцк (in Belarus);
Poland -> Polonia; Polska; Lenkija; Польша;
Samogitia -> Žemaitija; Zmudz; Жмудь (in Lithuania);
Silesia -> Śląsk; Slezsko; Schlesien (in Poland and Czech Republic);
Smolensk -> Смоленск (in W Russia);
First names.
Alexander -> Aleksandras; Александр;
Casimir -> Kazimieras; Казимир; Kazimierz;
George -> Jurgis; Георгий / Юрий; Jerzy;
Gedimin -> Gediminas; Гедымін; Гедимин;
Jogaila -> Ягайло; Jagiełło;
John -> Jonas; Иоанн / Иван; Jan;
Kestut -> Kęstutis, Кейстут;
Mindovg -> Mindaugas; Миндовг;
Olgierd -> Algirdas; Альгерд; Ольгерд;
Sigismund -> Žygimantas; Сигизмунд / Жигимонт; Zygmunt;
Vladislas -> Vladislavas; Уладзіслаў; Владислав; Władysław;
Vitovt -> Vytautas; Вітаўт; Витовт; Witołd;
--- 1316-1386
@ Samples:
(1253) [14: Doc.# 1]
< Mindovg (+1263), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania >
Myndowe, Dei gracia rex Letthowie
(1255) [6: p.11; Doc.# VII]
Myndowe dei gracia Primus Rex Lettowie
(Aug 1261) [14: Doc.# 10a]
Mindowe, Dei gratia rex Littowie
(May 1323) [11: p.102-108] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Hanseatic cities declares his intention to accept baptism >
< Gedimin (+1341), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania 1316 >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex,
princeps et dux Semigallie
(May 1323) [11: p.100-102] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Dominicans of Saxonia declares his intention to accept baptism >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex,
princeps et dux Semigallie
(1379) [6: p.54; Doc.# I]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Kestut (+1382), Prince of Trokaj >
Wir Jagel obirster Herczoge der Littouwin unde
Kenstutte Herczoge zcu Tracken
(1380) [6: p.55; Doc.# II]
Wir Jagel obirster kung der Littouwen
(1382) [6: p.56; Doc.# III]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Skirgaila (+1397), Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Wir Jagal von gotis gnaden grosir konig czu lyttauwen und
wir Skirgal Hertzog zcu Tracken,
gebrudere
(1383) [6: p.69; Doc.# IX]
Nos Jagalo divina deliberacione magnus Rex vel dux litwanorum
Russieque dominus et heres
--- 1386-1430
(1387) [19: p.74; Doc.# 40]
< Jagailo / Jagiello (+1434), the Supreme Ruler of Lithuania & Russia; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386 >
Владислав божье милости король польскии
литовскии руски. иных земль господарь
(July 1388) [19: p.85; Doc.# 45]
< Vitovt / Vytautas-Alexander (+1430), Prince of Volhynia;Grand Prince of Lithuania >
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскій, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейскій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Влодимерскій и иншихъ
(1396) [4: vol.5; p.114; Doc. # XC]
Nos Allexander alias Wytawdus Supremus dux Littovie
--- 1430-1446
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia;
@ Samples:
(Sep 1432) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 2]
< Sigismund (+1440), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1432 >
мы Жикгимонтъ, Божіею милостью великий князь Литовскии, Жомойтскии, Рускии и иныхъ
(June 1442) [2: том 1; p.54; Doc.# 40-II]
Милостью Божіею, мы великiй князь Казимиръ,
королевичъ,
Литовскій, Жомойтскій, Рускій и иныхъ
-- 1446-1454 ( Casimir [ IV as King of Poland ] )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1446] Poland
Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania, succeeded in Poland (1446).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1449) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 2]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (Casimir IV) 1446 >
Милостью Божю, мы, Казимир, корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иныхъ
(July 1450) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 1]
Казимир, Божью милостью, корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иных
--- 1454-1492 ( Casimir [ IV as King of Poland ] )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1454] Prussia
King Casimir IV accepted the offer of the Prussian cities and local nobility, which rebelled against the Teutonic Order, to incorporate Prussia into the Kingdom of Poland (1454).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1457) [12: Doc.# 7]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (IV) 1446 >
Самъ Казимеръ, Божю милостю Король полский,
великій князь Литовский, Руский,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитский и иныхъ
(July 1483) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.69; Doc.# 5]
Казимир, Божью милостью корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
--- 1492-1501 ( Alexander )
@ Removed:
- [1492] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Casimir IV his younger son Alexander became Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his older son John-Albert became King of Poland and overlord of Lithuania (1492).
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Aug 1492) [2: том 1 p.120; Doc.# 103]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Мы Александръ, зъ Божее ласки велики князь Литовски, Руски,
Жомойтски, панъ и дѣдичъ
(Apr 1496) [12: Doc.# 10]
Самъ Александръ, Божою милостью великій князь Литовскій, Русскій,
Жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Oct 1498) [12: Doc.# 11]
Самъ Александеръ, Божою милостью, великий князь Литовскій, Русскій,
Жмудскій и инныхъ
(May 1499) [2: том 1 p.196; Doc.# 172]
мы Александръ, Божьею милостью велики князь Литовскiй, Рускiй,
Жомойтскiй, и иныхъ панъ и дѣдичъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1493) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Aug 1495) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.552; Doc.# 715]
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et heres etc.
--- 1501-1506 ( Alexander )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1501) [12: Doc.# 11]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Александрь, Божою милостію король Полский,
великий князь Литовский, Руский,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитстий и иныхъ
(Mar 1503) [1: том 5; p.24; Doc.# 39]
Мы Александръ, Божьею милостью, Король Польскiй и
великiй Князь Литовскiй и Русскiй, и
Княжа Пруское, и Жомоитский, и иныхъ
(Feb 1504) [12: Doc.# 12]
Александръ, Божою милостію Король полскій,
великій князь Литовскій, рускій,
княжа пруское, жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Apr 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.145; Doc.# 324]
Александръ, Божью милостью, король полский,
великий князь литовский, руский,
княжа пруский, жомоитский, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(July 1502) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
(July 1503) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
--- 1506-1506 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) of Samogitia;
@ Removed:
- [1506] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Alexander (+Aug 1506), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his brother Sigismund (+1548) succeeded him immediately in Lithuania. In several months Sigismund was elected King of Poland.
@ Samples:
(5 Jan 1507) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.185; Doc.# 187]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы Жикгимонт Божю милостю великии княз литовскии, рускии,
жомоитъскии, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Nov 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.176; Doc.# 180]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(4 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
--- 1506-1526 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1507] Poland, Prussia
Grand Duke Sigismund "the Old" (+1548) elected King of Poland (Dec 1507).
@ Samples:
(24 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.171; Doc.# 170]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
мы, Жикгимонт, Божю милостю выбраныи корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
(Aug 1514) [10: knyga 9 (2002); p.150; Doc.# 165]
мы Жикгимонт Божю милостью корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ пан и дедичъ
(June 1520) [10: knyga 10 (1997); p.81; Doc.# 73]
Жикгимонт, Божю милостью корол полскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитскии, и иных
(Feb 1526) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 14]
Жикгимонтъ, Божью милостью король Польскии,
великий князь Литовскии, Рускии,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитскии и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(28 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.180; Doc.# 182]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia electus rex Regni Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(1519) [10: knyga 11 (1997); p.92; Doc.# 75]
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(Mar 1523) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.550; Doc.# 714]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(May 1525) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.590; Doc.# 750]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et heres etc.
-- the 3rd form
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) Prussia, Greater Glogow, Opava , Silesia, Lusatia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- Greater Głogów, Opava , Silesia, Lusatia
Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; succeeded his brother Alexander in Poland and Lithuania (1506).
@ Samples:
(1509) [1: том 5; p.48; Doc.# 59]
< Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонтъ Божью милостью Король Полскiй,
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Рускiй,
Княжа Пруское, велико Глокговскiй, Слязъскiй, Опавскiй, Лужицкiй, Жомойтскiй, и iныхъ
(Nov 1510) [2: том 2; p.79; Doc.# 62]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского и
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
(Oct 1511) [2: том 2; p.95-97; Doc.# 74]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского,
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
--- 1526-1561
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Added:
- [1526] Mazovia
The Duchy of Mazovia passed to the Crown of Poland after the extinction of the Mazovian branch of the House of Piast (1526).
@ Samples:
(Apr 1527) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.487; Doc.# 638]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонт, Божью милостью король польский,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии и иных
(July 1536) [2: том 2; p.253; Doc.# 175]
Мы, Жикгимонтъ, Божьею милостью король Польскiй и
великiй князь Литовскiй, Рускiй, Прускiй, Жомойтскiй, Мазовецкiй и иныхъ
(Dec 1545) [12: Doc.# 7]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божю милостю королъ полскій,
великий князь Литовский, Руский, Пруский, Жемоитский, Мазовецкий и иныхъ
(Feb 1561) [2: том 3; p.110; Doc # 28]
Жыгимонт Август, Божею милостью король Польский,
великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жомоитский, Мазовецкий, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia,
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Samples:
(1527) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.208; Doc.# 247]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiae, Mazouiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Dec 1528) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.620; Doc.# 772]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
totiusque Prussiae, Masoviae et Samogitiae etc. dominus et heres
(July 1530) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.410; Doc.# 516]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogithiae, Mazouiae, etc. dominus et haeres
--- 1561-1569
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia, Livonia;
@ Added:
- [1561] Livonia
During the Livonian Wars (1558-1582) the Livonian Knightly Order was dissolved, and its possessions partially passed to Sigismund, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1561).
@ Samples:
(Oct 1562) [2: том 3; p.114; Doc # 29]
< Sigismund-Augustus (+1572), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1544, King of Poland 1548 >
Жигимонд Август, Божьей милостью Король Польский,
Великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жемойтский, Мазовецкий, Лифляндский, и иных
(June 1563) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.335; Doc.# 240]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянътъскии и иныхъ
(Sep 1567) [10: knyga 531 (2001); p.35; Doc.# 1]
Жыкгимонт Август, Божю милостью корол полскии,
великии князь литовскии, рускии, прусскии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянтскии и иныхъ
(May 1568) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.332-334; Doc.# 239]
Жикгимонтъ Август, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, ифлянтъскии и иныхъ
-- 1569-1795 see Poland
>>> --- 1655-1661 ( Alexis Romanov )
Notes:
1. In 1655, the Muscovite army occupied a big part of Lithuania, including its capital city, Vilnius, and Alexis Romanov, Czar of Russia, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania.
2. In 1661, after the Polish army's counter-offensive, the Muscovites lost most of their conquests in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Czar & Grand Prince, Autocrat of all Greater, Lesser & White Russia, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod;
Czar of Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberia;
Lord of Pskov;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Smolensk, Tver, Wolyn, Podolia, Ugra, Perm, Viatka, Bulgaria;
Lord & Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands, of Chernigov, Riazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozero, Udor, Obdoria, Conda, Vitebsk, Mstislav;
Dominator of all the Northern Countries;
Lord of the Land of Iveria, of the Georgian & Kartlian Czars, of the Land of Kabarda, of the Princes of the Cherkasses & the Mountaineers,
@ Samples:
(May 1658) [3: том IV; ]
< Alexis Romanov (+1676), Czar of Russia 1645; Grand Duke of Lithuania >
Божiею Милостiю, мы Великiй Государь Царь и Великiй Князь Алексiй Михайлович, всея Великiя и Малыя и Бeлыя Росии Самодержецъ,
Московскiй, Кiевскiй, Владимiрскiй, Новгородскiй,
Царь Казанскiй, Царь Астраханскiй, Царь Сибирскiй,
Государь Псковскiй и
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Смоленскiй, Тверскiй, Волынскiй, Подольскiй, Югорскiй, Пермскiй, Вятскiй, Болгарскiй и иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Князь Новагорода Низовскiя земли, Черниговскiй, Резанскiй, Полоцкiй, Ростовскiй, Ярославскiй, Бѣлоозерскiй, Удорскiй, Обдорскiй, Кондiйскiй, Витебскiй, Мстиславскiй и
Всея Сѣверныя страны Повелитель и
Государь Иверскiя земли, Карталинскихъ и Грузинскихъ Царей, и
Кабардинскiя земли, Черкасскихъ и Горскихъ Князей и
иныхъ наслѣдный Государь и Обладатель
Appendix 1. The Princes of the House of Gedimin.
@ Samples:
(Mar 1375) [2: том 1; # 4; p.21]
< Alexander (+1380), Prince of Podolia >
Мы князь Литовскiй, князь Александръ Корiатовичь, Божьею милостiю князь и господарь Подольской земли
(1385) [4: vol.4; # XXXIII; p.39-40]
< Vigund-Andrew (+1399), Prince of Pskov >
Nos Andreas Rex in Ploskow
(July 1388) [2: том 1; p.23; Doc.# 9]
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ, зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскiй, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейкій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Володимерскій и иншихъ
(1388) [4: vol.4; # LI; p.68] [6: p.48]
< Skirgaila (+1397),Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Nos Schirgalo dei gracia dux lithuanie et
dominus Tracensis et Polocensis etc.
(1402) [4: vol.5; # CXXIV; p.166]
< Swidrigaila-Boleslas (+1452), Prince of Podolia; Grand Duke of Lithuania [1430-1432] >
Nos Boleslaus alias Switergail princeps et heres Littwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(Feb 1408) [12: Doc.# 3]
Милостю Божою мы великий князь Швидригайлъ Литовскій, Русскій и иныхъ
(Mar 1442) [8: Прибавления. p.1-44; Doc.# CXIX]
< Betrag zwischen Boleslaus, anders Sividrigail, Fürsten von Littauen, und dem Hohemeister Konrad von Jungingen >
Nos Boleslaus alias Swyttirgail dei gratia Princeps et heres Litwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(July 1443) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.150; Doc.# 329]
< John (+between 1483 and 1489), Prince of Mstislavl [14..-1483]; a grandson of Lingweni-Simon, Prince of Novgorod and Mstislavl; a son of George, Prince of Mstislavl; >
Милостью Божею мы, князь Иван Юревич Лынквеневича, зъ
нашей кнегинею Уляною и з нашеми детми
(June 1459) [12: Doc.# 9]
< Simon (+1470), Prince of Kiev 1454 >
Мы, князь Семенъ Александровичъ великого князства своего Киевскаго
Comments and questions can be mailed to the author
Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers
Last updated: Oct 22, 2008
***************************************************************
Lithuania ( Lietuva )
Overview.
In the 13th century the Lithuanian tribes united under Mindovg / Mindaugas (+1263).
In the 14th century, Gedimin / Gediminas (+1341) formed a strong Lithuanian state and extended its frontiers annexing Black Russia..
Olgerd, Gedimin's son, continued his father's expansionist policies and, by conquering vast Russian territories, stretched his domain from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.
In 1386, under pressure from the hostile Teutonic Knights, Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke of Lithuania, concluded a pact with Poland (the Union of Krewo), agreeing to accept the Roman Catholic faith, marry the Polish queen, become King of Poland, and unite Poland and Lithuania under a single ruler. Jogaila took the Polish name Vladislas II. Polish influence subsequently began to replace Russian influence in Lithuania.
Despite the provisions of the Union of Krewo, the Lithuanian state retained its autonomy in the form of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
During the reign of Vitovt (+1430) Lithuania became the most powerful state in the Eastern Europe.
Since 1447, when Casimir, Grand Duke of Lithuania, was chosen as King of Poland, the Poles elected the Lithuanian Grand Dukes as their Kings to preserve the union of the countries.
In 1569, during the reign of Sigismund Augustus (+1572), the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from the House of Gedimin, the Poles and Lithuanians concluded pact (the Union of Lublin) that united the two countries into a single, federated state, which was to be ruled by a single, jointly selected sovereign. Formally, Poland and Lithuania were to be distinct, equal components of the federation, each retaining its own army, treasury, civil administration, and laws; the two nations agreed to cooperate with each other on foreign policy and to participate in a joint Diet. Nevertheless, Poland had greater representation in the Diet and became the dominant partner.
In 1795 Austria, Russia and Prussia partitioned the Polish-Lithuanian state. The Russian Empire annexed the biggest part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Russian Emperors accepted the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1918, Germany, which occupied the Lithuania lands during the World War I, created the Kingdom of Lithuania. In November 1918, after the defeat of Germany, the independent Republic of Lithuania replaced the Kingdom.
Notes:
1. In the Middle Ages the Russian language (or its Western dialects, which would develop in the modern Belorussian and Ukrainian) was an official language of the Lithuanian state. Since the Union of Krewo with Poland (1386), Latin and then Polish became other official languages.
2. The Russian term “Великий Князь” is translated as "Grand Prince", in Latin it was "Magnus Dux" and is translated as "Grand Duke".
3. The Polish term "Książę" can be translated either as "Prince" or "Duke". In the Lithuanian documents of the 15-16th centuries issued in Russian this term was translated as "Княжа".
Bibliography.
1. Собранiе Государственныхъ Грамотъ и Договоровъ, хранящихся въ Государственной Коллегіи Иностранныхъ Дълъ (Москва : тип. Н.С. Всеволожскаго, 1813).
2. Акты относящиеся к исторiи Западной Россiи, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : 1846-1853).
3. Акты историческiе, собранные и изданные Археографической Комиссиею (С.-Петербург : тип. II-го отд. Собственной Е.И.В. Канцелярій, 1841-).
4. Voigt, Johannes. Codex Diplomaticus Prussicus. Urkundensammlung zur älteren Geschichte Preußens (Osnabrück : 1965; Reprinted (Neudruck) from 1853).
5. Любавский М.К. Очерк истории литовско-русского государства до Люблинской унии включительно (Москва : 1915; изд..2-ое).
6. Raczynski, Edward. Codex diplomaticus Lithuaniae (Vratislaviae : Sumptibus Sigismundi Schletter, 1845).
7. Tyla, Antanas; Zygelis, Dainius. Lietuvos magdeburginiu miestu privilegijos ir aktai (Vilnius : Mokslas, 1991-).
8. Коцебу, Августъ. Свитригайло, великий князь Литовский (С.-Петербург : тип. Медицинскаго Департамента Министерства Внутреннихъ Делъ, 1835).
9. Сапунов, А. Витебская старина (Витебск : 1883).
10. Lietuvos Metrika (Vilnius : Lietuvos istorijos institutas).
11. Metraščiai ir kunigaikščių laiškai. (Vilnius : 1996).
12. Антонович, Владимир.; Козловский, Константин. Грамоты великих князей литовских с 1390 по 1569 год (Киев : 1868).
13. Сборник палеографических снимков древних грамот и актов, хранящихся в Виленскомъ Центральном Архиве и Виленской Публичной Библиотеке (Вильна : 1884).
14. Міндаў кароль Літовіі. У дакументах і сведчаннях (Менск : Тэхналогія, 2005) [Нацыянальная Акадэмія Навук Беларусі. Інстытут гісторыі].
15. Акты, относящиеся к истории Южной и Западной России (С.-Петербург : 1863-1892).
16. Skurvydaitė, Loreta. Lietuvos valdovo Vytauto titulatūra: kada Vytautas ima tituluotis Didžiuoju kunigaikščiu? (Doktorantė Vilniaus universiteto Istorijos teorijos ir kultūros istorijos katedra) [ Lietuvos istorijos studijos, Nr.8, 2000].
17. Ochmanski, Jerzy. Vitoldiana : Codex privilegiorum Vitoldi magni ducis Lithuaniae 1386-1430 (Warszawa : PWN, 1986).
18. Говорский, Ксенофонт. Вестник Юго-западной и Западной России (Киев : 1862-1864) / Вестник Западной России (Вильна : тип. Ромма, 1864- ).
19. Пещак, М.М. Грамоти XIV ст. (Київ : Наукова думка, 1974).
20. Описание рукописного отдела Виленской публичной библиотеки (Вильна : 1895-).
Geographical names.
Galicia -> Галичина; Галиция (in W Ukraine and in SE Poland);
Głogów -> Glogau (in Silesia, Poland);
Kiev / Kyiv -> Київ; Киев (the capital of Ukraine);
Lithuania -> Lietuva; Litwa; Литва;
Livonia -> Inflanty; Livland; Ливония (in Vidzeme, Latvia);
Lusatia -> Lausitz; Лужитцы (in Saxony, Germany);
Mazovia -> Mazowsze (in Poland);
Opava -> Troppau (in Czech Republic);
Podolia -> Подолье (in Ukraine);
Polotsk-> Полацк; Полоцк (in Belarus);
Poland -> Polonia; Polska; Lenkija; Польша;
Samogitia -> Žemaitija; Zmudz; Жмудь (in Lithuania);
Silesia -> Śląsk; Slezsko; Schlesien (in Poland and Czech Republic);
Smolensk -> Смоленск (in W Russia);
First names.
Alexander -> Aleksandras; Александр;
Casimir -> Kazimieras; Казимир; Kazimierz;
George -> Jurgis; Георгий / Юрий; Jerzy;
Gedimin -> Gediminas; Гедымін; Гедимин;
Jogaila -> Ягайло; Jagiełło;
John -> Jonas; Иоанн / Иван; Jan;
Kestut -> Kęstutis, Кейстут;
Mindovg -> Mindaugas; Миндовг;
Olgierd -> Algirdas; Альгерд; Ольгерд;
Sigismund -> Žygimantas; Сигизмунд / Жигимонт; Zygmunt;
Vladislas -> Vladislavas; Уладзіслаў; Владислав; Władysław;
Vitovt -> Vytautas; Вітаўт; Витовт; Witołd;
--- 1316-1386
@ Samples:
(1253) [14: Doc.# 1]
< Mindovg (+1263), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania >
Myndowe, Dei gracia rex Letthowie
(1255) [6: p.11; Doc.# VII]
Myndowe dei gracia Primus Rex Lettowie
(Aug 1261) [14: Doc.# 10a]
Mindowe, Dei gratia rex Littowie
(May 1323) [11: p.102-108] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Hanseatic cities declares his intention to accept baptism >
< Gedimin (+1341), Supreme Ruler of Lithuania 1316 >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex,
princeps et dux Semigallie
(May 1323) [11: p.100-102] < Gediminas, in the letter to the Dominicans of Saxonia declares his intention to accept baptism >
Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex,
princeps et dux Semigallie
(1379) [6: p.54; Doc.# I]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Kestut (+1382), Prince of Trokaj >
Wir Jagel obirster Herczoge der Littouwin unde
Kenstutte Herczoge zcu Tracken
(1380) [6: p.55; Doc.# II]
Wir Jagel obirster kung der Littouwen
(1382) [6: p.56; Doc.# III]
< Jogaila (+1434), Grand Duke Lithania; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386; with Skirgaila (+1397), Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Wir Jagal von gotis gnaden grosir konig czu lyttauwen und
wir Skirgal Hertzog zcu Tracken,
gebrudere
(1383) [6: p.69; Doc.# IX]
Nos Jagalo divina deliberacione magnus Rex vel dux litwanorum
Russieque dominus et heres
--- 1386-1430
(1387) [19: p.74; Doc.# 40]
< Jagailo / Jagiello (+1434), the Supreme Ruler of Lithuania & Russia; King of Poland (Vladislas II) 1386 >
Владислав божье милости король польскии
литовскии руски. иных земль господарь
(July 1388) [19: p.85; Doc.# 45]
< Vitovt / Vytautas-Alexander (+1430), Prince of Volhynia;Grand Prince of Lithuania >
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскій, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейскій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Влодимерскій и иншихъ
(1396) [4: vol.5; p.114; Doc. # XC]
Nos Allexander alias Wytawdus Supremus dux Littovie
--- 1430-1446
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia;
@ Samples:
(Sep 1432) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 2]
< Sigismund (+1440), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1432 >
мы Жикгимонтъ, Божіею милостью великий князь Литовскии, Жомойтскии, Рускии и иныхъ
(June 1442) [2: том 1; p.54; Doc.# 40-II]
Милостью Божіею, мы великiй князь Казимиръ,
королевичъ,
Литовскій, Жомойтскій, Рускій и иныхъ
--- 1446-1454 ( Casimir [ IV as King of Poland ] )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1446] Poland
Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania, succeeded in Poland (1446).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1449) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 2]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (Casimir IV) 1446 >
Милостью Божю, мы, Казимир, корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иныхъ
(July 1450) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.59; Doc.# 1]
Казимир, Божью милостью, корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии, жомоитскии, и иных
--- 1454-1492 ( Casimir [ IV as King of Poland ] )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1454] Prussia
King Casimir IV accepted the offer of the Prussian cities and local nobility, which rebelled against the Teutonic Order, to incorporate Prussia into the Kingdom of Poland (1454).
@ Samples:
(Nov 1457) [12: Doc.# 7]
< Casimir (+1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1440; King of Poland (IV) 1446 >
Самъ Казимеръ, Божю милостю Король полский,
великій князь Литовский, Руский,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитский и иныхъ
(July 1483) [10: knyga 3 (1998); p.69; Doc.# 5]
Казимир, Божью милостью корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
--- 1492-1501 ( Alexander )
@ Removed:
- [1492] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Casimir IV his younger son Alexander became Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his older son John-Albert became King of Poland and overlord of Lithuania (1492).
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Aug 1492) [2: том 1 p.120; Doc.# 103]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Мы Александръ, зъ Божее ласки велики князь Литовски, Руски,
Жомойтски, панъ и дѣдичъ
(Apr 1496) [12: Doc.# 10]
Самъ Александръ, Божою милостью великій князь Литовскій, Русскій,
Жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Oct 1498) [12: Doc.# 11]
Самъ Александеръ, Божою милостью, великий князь Литовскій, Русскій,
Жмудскій и инныхъ
(May 1499) [2: том 1 p.196; Doc.# 172]
мы Александръ, Божьею милостью велики князь Литовскiй, Рускiй,
Жомойтскiй, и иныхъ панъ и дѣдичъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1493) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Aug 1495) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.552; Doc.# 715]
Alexander, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et heres etc.
--- 1501-1506 ( Alexander )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Dec 1501) [12: Doc.# 11]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Александрь, Божою милостію король Полский,
великий князь Литовский, Руский,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитстий и иныхъ
(Mar 1503) [1: том 5; p.24; Doc.# 39]
Мы Александръ, Божьею милостью, Король Польскiй и
великiй Князь Литовскiй и Русскiй, и
Княжа Пруское, и Жомоитский, и иныхъ
(Feb 1504) [12: Doc.# 12]
Александръ, Божою милостію Король полскій,
великій князь Литовскій, рускій,
княжа пруское, жомоитскій и иныхъ
(Apr 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.145; Doc.# 324]
Александръ, Божью милостью, король полский,
великий князь литовский, руский,
княжа пруский, жомоитский, и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(July 1502) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
< Alexander (+1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492; King of Poland 1501 >
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
(July 1503) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.618; Doc.# 771]
Alexander, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres
--- 1506-1506 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) of Samogitia;
@ Removed:
- [1506] Poland, Prussia
After the death of Alexander (+Aug 1506), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his brother Sigismund (+1548) succeeded him immediately in Lithuania. In several months Sigismund was elected King of Poland.
@ Samples:
(5 Jan 1507) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.185; Doc.# 187]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы Жикгимонт Божю милостю великии княз литовскии, рускии,
жомоитъскии, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(Nov 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.176; Doc.# 180]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(4 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.182-183; Doc.# 183]
nos Sigismundus, Dei gratia magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Samotiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
--- 1506-1526 ( Sigismund "the Old" )
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia;
Duke of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- [1507] Poland, Prussia
Grand Duke Sigismund "the Old" (+1548) elected King of Poland (Dec 1507).
@ Samples:
(24 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.171; Doc.# 170]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
мы, Жикгимонт, Божю милостю выбраныи корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ
(Aug 1514) [10: knyga 9 (2002); p.150; Doc.# 165]
мы Жикгимонт Божю милостью корол польскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитъскии, и иныхъ пан и дедичъ
(June 1520) [10: knyga 10 (1997); p.81; Doc.# 73]
Жикгимонт, Божю милостью корол полскии и
великии князь литовскии, рускии,
княжа пруское, жомоитскии, и иных
(Feb 1526) [13: Выпуск 1; Doc.# 14]
Жикгимонтъ, Божью милостью король Польскии,
великий князь Литовскии, Рускии,
княжа Пруское, Жомоитскии и иныхъ
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia;
@ Samples:
(28 Dec 1506) [10: knyga 8 (1995); p.180; Doc.# 182]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia electus rex Regni Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(1519) [10: knyga 11 (1997); p.92; Doc.# 75]
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(Mar 1523) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.550; Doc.# 714]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et haeres etc.
(May 1525) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.590; Doc.# 750]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiaeque dominus et heres etc.
-- the 3rd form
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia;
(Duke of) Prussia, Greater Glogow, Opava, Silesia, Lusatia, Samogitia;
@ Added:
- Greater Głogów, Opava, Silesia, Lusatia
Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; succeeded his brother Alexander in Poland and Lithuania (1506).
@ Samples:
(1509) [1: том 5; p.48; Doc.# 59]
< Sigismund I "the Old" (+1548), Duke of Greater Glogow 1499, of Opava 1506; Governor of Silesia and Lusatia; King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонтъ Божью милостью Король Полскiй,
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Рускiй,
Княжа Пруское, велико Глокговскiй, Слязъскiй, Опавскiй, Лужицкiй, Жомойтскiй, и iныхъ
(Nov 1510) [2: том 2; p.79; Doc.# 62]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского и
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
(Oct 1511) [2: том 2; p.95-97; Doc.# 74]
Отъ Жикгимонта Божьею милостью короля Польского,
великого Князя Литовского, Руского,
Пруского, Великоглокговского, Опавского, Слязского, Лужицкого, Жомоитского, и иныхъ
--- 1526-1561
-- the 1st form ( Russian )
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Added:
- [1526] Mazovia
The Duchy of Mazovia passed to the Crown of Poland after the extinction of the Mazovian branch of the House of Piast (1526).
@ Samples:
(Apr 1527) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.487; Doc.# 638]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Мы, Жикгимонт, Божью милостью король польский,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии и иных
(July 1536) [2: том 2; p.253; Doc.# 175]
Мы, Жикгимонтъ, Божьею милостью король Польскiй и
великiй князь Литовскiй, Рускiй, Прускiй, Жомойтскiй, Мазовецкiй и иныхъ
(Dec 1545) [12: Doc.# 7]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божю милостю королъ полскій,
великий князь Литовский, Руский, Пруский, Жемоитский, Мазовецкий и иныхъ
(Feb 1561) [2: том 3; p.110; Doc # 28]
Жыгимонт Август, Божею милостью король Польский,
великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жомоитский, Мазовецкий, и иных
-- the 2nd form ( Latin )
King of Poland;
Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia,
Hereditary Lord of Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia;
@ Samples:
(1527) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.208; Doc.# 247]
< Sigismund "the Old" (+1548), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1506, King of Poland 1506 >
Nos, Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogitiae, Mazouiaeque etc. dominus et heres
(Dec 1528) [10: knyga 12 (2001); p.620; Doc.# 772]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
totiusque Prussiae, Masoviae et Samogitiae etc. dominus et heres
(July 1530) [10: knyga 4 (1997); p.410; Doc.# 516]
Sigismundus, Dei gratia rex Poloniae,
magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae,
Prussiae, Samogithiae, Mazouiae, etc. dominus et haeres
--- 1561-1569
King of Poland;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Samogitia, Mazovia, Livonia;
@ Added:
- [1561] Livonia
During the Livonian Wars (1558-1582) the Livonian Knightly Order was dissolved, and its possessions partially passed to Sigismund, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1561).
@ Samples:
(Oct 1562) [2: том 3; p.114; Doc # 29]
< Sigismund-Augustus (+1572), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1544, King of Poland 1548 >
Жигимонд Август, Божьей милостью Король Польский,
Великий князь Литовский, Русский, Прусский, Жемойтский, Мазовецкий, Лифляндский, и иных
(June 1563) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.335; Doc.# 240]
Жикгимонтъ Августъ, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовъскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянътъскии и иныхъ
(Sep 1567) [10: knyga 531 (2001); p.35; Doc.# 1]
Жыкгимонт Август, Божю милостью корол полскии,
великии князь литовскии, рускии, прусскии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, лифлянтскии и иныхъ
(May 1568) [10: knyga 51 (2000); p.332-334; Doc.# 239]
Жикгимонтъ Август, Божью милостью корол полскии,
великии княз литовскии, рускии, прускии, жомоитскии, мазовецкии, ифлянтъскии и иныхъ
--- 1569-1795 see Poland
>>> --- 1655-1661 ( Alexis Romanov )
Notes:
1. In 1655, the Muscovite army occupied a big part of Lithuania, including its capital city, Vilnius, and Alexis Romanov, Czar of Russia, was proclaimed Grand Duke of Lithuania.
2. In 1661, after the Polish army's counter-offensive, the Muscovites lost most of their conquests in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Czar & Grand Prince, Autocrat of all Greater, Lesser & White Russia, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod;
Czar of Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberia;
Lord of Pskov;
Grand Prince of Lithuania, Smolensk, Tver, Wolyn, Podolia, Ugra, Perm, Viatka, Bulgaria;
Lord & Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Lands, of Chernigov, Riazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Belozero, Udor, Obdoria, Conda, Vitebsk, Mstislav;
Dominator of all the Northern Countries;
Lord of the Land of Iveria, of the Georgian & Kartlian Czars, of the Land of Kabarda, of the Princes of the Cherkasses & the Mountaineers,
@ Samples:
(May 1658) [3: том IV; ]
< Alexis Romanov (+1676), Czar of Russia 1645; Grand Duke of Lithuania >
Божiею Милостiю, мы Великiй Государь Царь и Великiй Князь Алексiй Михайлович, всея Великiя и Малыя и Бeлыя Росии Самодержецъ,
Московскiй, Кiевскiй, Владимiрскiй, Новгородскiй,
Царь Казанскiй, Царь Астраханскiй, Царь Сибирскiй,
Государь Псковскiй и
Великiй Князь Литовскiй, Смоленскiй, Тверскiй, Волынскiй, Подольскiй, Югорскiй, Пермскiй, Вятскiй, Болгарскiй и иныхъ,
Государь и Великiй Князь Новагорода Низовскiя земли, Черниговскiй, Резанскiй, Полоцкiй, Ростовскiй, Ярославскiй, Бѣлоозерскiй, Удорскiй, Обдорскiй, Кондiйскiй, Витебскiй, Мстиславскiй и
Всея Сѣверныя страны Повелитель и
Государь Иверскiя земли, Карталинскихъ и Грузинскихъ Царей, и
Кабардинскiя земли, Черкасскихъ и Горскихъ Князей и
иныхъ наслѣдный Государь и Обладатель
Appendix 1. The Princes of the House of Gedimin.
@ Samples:
(Mar 1375) [2: том 1; # 4; p.21]
< Alexander (+1380), Prince of Podolia >
Мы князь Литовскiй, князь Александръ Корiатовичь, Божьею милостiю князь и господарь Подольской земли
(1385) [4: vol.4; # XXXIII; p.39-40]
< Vigund-Andrew (+1399), Prince of Pskov >
Nos Andreas Rex in Ploskow
(July 1388) [2: том 1; p.23; Doc.# 9]
Мы Александръ, або Витовтъ, зъ Божей ласки великій князь Литовскiй, и
дѣдичь Городенскій, Берестейкій, Дорогицкій, Луцкій, Володимерскій и иншихъ
(1388) [4: vol.4; # LI; p.68] [6: p.48]
< Skirgaila (+1397),Prince of Trokaj and Polotsk >
Nos Schirgalo dei gracia dux lithuanie et
dominus Tracensis et Polocensis etc.
(1402) [4: vol.5; # CXXIV; p.166]
< Swidrigaila-Boleslas (+1452), Prince of Podolia; Grand Duke of Lithuania [1430-1432] >
Nos Boleslaus alias Switergail princeps et heres Littwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(Feb 1408) [12: Doc.# 3]
Милостю Божою мы великий князь Швидригайлъ Литовскій, Русскій и иныхъ
(Mar 1442) [8: Прибавления. p.1-44; Doc.# CXIX]
< Betrag zwischen Boleslaus, anders Sividrigail, Fürsten von Littauen, und dem Hohemeister Konrad von Jungingen >
Nos Boleslaus alias Swyttirgail dei gratia Princeps et heres Litwanie et Russie et
dominus Podolie
(July 1443) [10: knyga 8 (1999); p.150; Doc.# 329]
< John (+between 1483 and 1489), Prince of Mstislavl [14..-1483]; a grandson of Lingweni-Simon, Prince of Novgorod and Mstislavl; a son of George, Prince of Mstislavl; >
Милостью Божею мы, князь Иван Юревич Лынквеневича, зъ
нашей кнегинею Уляною и з нашеми детми
(June 1459) [12: Doc.# 9]
< Simon (+1470), Prince of Kiev 1454 >
Мы, князь Семенъ Александровичъ великого князства своего Киевскаго
_________________
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